Simple steps to take if you are concerned about negative health effects from your phone

The jury is still out as to whether or not the radiation emitted by cell phones can cause negative health effects for callers. Mobile phones emit signals to communicate with cellular towers via radio waves, which are comprised of radio-frequency (RF) energy, a form of electromagnetic radiation.

The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) limits the amount of radiation any phone sold in the U.S. can emit to what it considers a safe level of 1.6 watts per kilogram of body weight (a measure of the energy absorbed by the body when using a wireless device). But some health practitioners are concerned that even this level of exposure may be too high, resulting in people unwittingly exposing themselves to potentially harmful radiation every time they make or take a call.

Such radiation is known to heat up living tissue it comes into close contact with by a fraction of a degree, but this level of temperature increase is less than that caused by exposure to direct sunlight, and the brain’s blood circulation typically disperses this excess heat quickly by increasing local blood flow.

Some recent studies have found higher risks for brain and salivary gland tumors among people using cell phones for 10 years or longer, while other research has found little if any risk. Other research has looked at the reproductive, cognitive and sleep effects of RF energy at levels similar to what cell/smart phones emit. Results have been mixed. More studies are now underway to resolve whether or not cell phones are safe for people to use, but some electronics manufacturers aren’t waiting around to cut down on the radiation emissions of the phones they make and sell.

If you are in the market for a new cell phone, check out the nonprofit Environmental Working Group’s (EWG’s) rundown on which of the thousand or so popular cell/smart phone models give off the most and least radiation. Levels vary widely, from as little as 0.3 to the legal limit of 1.6 watts per kilogram of body weight. Sanyo’s Katana II, Samsung’s Rugby, Nokia’s 7710, and the Blackberry Storm, among others, get top marks from EWG for giving off lower amounts of radiation (in the 0.3 range). Meanwhile, more than a dozen different cell/smart phones (including some of the most popular models such as Motorola’s Droid, Blackberry’s Bold 9700, LG’s Chocolate Touch and HTC’s Nexus One by Google) are categorized as “worst” by EWG for giving off larger amounts of radiation (pushing the 1.6 limit). Apple’s iPhone 3Gs is in the middle of the spectrum, leaking between 0.52 and 1.19, depending on usage.

Regardless of which cell/smart phone you use, you can minimize your exposure to RF radiation by taking a few simple precautions. For one, using a headset (these give off significantly less radiation) or speaker phone keeps the phone itself away from your head. Also, your phone emits far less radiation when used to text instead of call—and the phone isn’t next to your brain when texting—so the more you tap (just not while driving, please!) instead of talk the better. Also, a poor signal (fewer bars) means that your phone has to work harder—and emit more radiation—to connect up to a wireless tower, so wait to make that call until you are somewhere with a stronger connection.

CONTACTS: FCC, www.fcc.gov; Environmental Working Group, www.ewg.org.

Help your kids crave foods that deliver taste and nutrition

Beloved food writer Michael Pollan recommends steering clear of foods that advertise their green attributes on their label. According to his line of reasoning, why give a child a fruit roll-up when you can give him or her a piece of fruit? Only processed foods need to advertise what’s natural about them, whereas an apple speaks for itself, providing wholesome nutrition without the need for marketing hype.

But most of us depend on the occasional packaged or processed food, so choosing between the lesser of two evils sometimes has to be the way to go. If a product lists natural ingredients on its label—anything from real fruits, vegetables and nuts to cereals, grains and other healthy foods you can recognize without a food dictionary on hand—it’s probably better than a food reliant on artificial flavors and sweeteners.

“One way for your kids to enjoy healthy snacks is to get them started on naturally sweet foods,” says Christine Steendahl of Kid Approved Meals, which sells menus and shopping lists to parents looking for guidance in meal preparation. “Since most kids crave sweets…naturally sweet foods such as fruits are perfect,” she says. Real bananas, oranges, apples, cherries, strawberries and other fruits are popular with most kids. “You can mix in yogurt or even make a fruit smoothie with some milk and a drop of chocolate or other natural flavors,” Steendahl suggests.

“One thing to recognize about children is that if they try enough types of natural and healthy snacks, they will find one that they enjoy,” says Steendahl. “The problem is that many times parents give up trying to find the snacks that their kids like and settle for popular junk foods instead.” She stresses the importance of teaching kids which snacks to eat and which to avoid early in life so that they can sidestep obesity problems altogether. Nuts and dry cereals, for example, are good alternatives to chips and other junk food.

According to California-based pediatrician and author William Sears, who markets his own line of healthy kids snacks called Lunchbox Essentials, parents should make sure that any snack foods they give their family members provide both fiber and protein, which give the feeling of fullness, and taste good as well. He adds that parents should learn to read labels so they can tell which products contain hydrogenated oils, artificial colors, preservatives and high-fructose corn syrup—all of which should be avoided.

As a last resort for especially finicky kids, parents can find packaged snacks that might look like junk food but are actually healthy and nutritious, including certain brands of fruit roll-ups and granola bars. Look in the snack aisle of your local natural foods market for such items, and don’t be afraid to ask store personnel for recommendations. It’s important to take your child’s nutrition seriously. Whether he or she ever realizes it, you are setting patterns that will enable them to live healthier and longer lives.

CONTACTS: Michael Pollan, www.michaelpollan.com; Kid Approved Meals, www.kidapprovedmeals.com; Dr. Sears’ Lunchbox Essentials, www.drsearshealthykids.com. (Article courtesy of emagazine.com/earthtalk.)

Green Ideas to Save the Environment and Money

By Cindy Price

A few months ago my husband and I made a controversial decision. We decided not to fertilize our yard.

While our neighbors were out spreading fertilizer and weed killer, we decided not to use either one. We reasoned that fertilizing would only make our grass grow faster, and we would have to mow it more often. Plus, living close to a natural waterway made us concerned about chemical runoff and its negative effects on the environment.

So we didn’t fertilize our yard. Now that we’re in the heat of summer I can report that not fertilizing hasn’t hurt our yard at all. Our yard is just as green and the turf just as plush as our neighbors’. The healthy grass has crowded out most weeds, so only hand-weeding is needed to keep a manicured look.

Here’s why not fertilizing worked: Two years ago we quit the lawn service and began mowing the yard ourselves so we could use the mulching feature on our lawn mower.

Mulch mowing means you don’t bag the clippings. Your mower chops the grass clippings into tiny pieces which are then deposited back into the turf to be recycled as nutrients. The grass clippings are about 80% water, so mulch mowing also hydrates your lawn. Mulch mowing saves you time on lawn maintenance and money on lawn bags, fertilizer, weed killer, and watering.

It’s environmentally friendly too. About 75% of material going to landfills is yard waste. Keeping grass clippings out of landfills and recycled on yards is a green and economical practice. If your mower doesn’t have a mulch feature, check your owner’s manual or consult a lawnmower shop to see if you can change out your blade so you can take advantage of this easy way to keep your yard truly green.

Not fertilizing this year also gives us time to research a greener way to feed our yard with organic tea and other green alternatives instead of using harsh chemicals. Scientists believe fertilizer and herbicide (especially atrazine) running off from yards and farms into waterways cause hormonal effects on fish, affecting reproduction and sexual maturity. In one British study, the fish captured for research from one river were all female – not a single male fish was collected. The implications of this finding are not completely understood, and studies are continuing.

While mulch mowing helps to hydrate your lawn, watering is still necessary in the hot summer. Hand watering gives you the best control, but if you have a built-in irrigation system, make sure all spouts are aligned correctly and not directing water wastefully on sidewalks or streets.

Check your downspouts too. I rerouted two downspouts, which were emptying precious rainwater uselessly in the driveway, to my landscaped beds. I used some length of unused dryer vent tubing that had been sitting uselessly in the garage. I wired one end to the downspout then stretched out a length through the adjacent bed. I punched holes along both sides so the rainwater would disperse through the bed. Then I covered the tubing with mulch. The white vent tubing isn’t seen and the mulch doesn't wash away while I am using rainwater to irrigate my beds. The water still drains away from the house like it's supposed to, only now it is routed through beds. You can also purchase flexible spouts at home improvement stores that you can use to reroute downspouts to more effectively use precious rainwater.

Like many houses in the Houston area, our roof was guttered only in the front. Instead of adding gutters for the narrow side areas of the yard, I built beds that were wider than the eave of the roof. These beds receive runoff from condensation from the roof almost daily. Ferns and other shade plants thrive here with little watering from me.

Another water-saving idea is to run soaker hoses along the beds and cover them with mulch. Using soaker hoses is a double recycling effort – the hoses are made from recycled rubber and they save water by putting the water directly on the ground, not in the air where it can blow away or evaporate.

Soaker hoses are also useful for keeping the ground around foundations watered to help prevent foundation cracks. Cover soaker hoses with hardwood mulch instead of pine. Hardwood mulch is less likely to wash away in heavy downpours. Lining the outside of your beds with river rocks will take the heavy downpour coming off the roof. Take care not to make the beds higher than the house weep holes, or get mulch into the weep holes.

An alternative to gutters are Rainhandlers (www.rainhandler.com) which deflect rain several feet from the house, watering your yard instead of channeling the water away. Rain barrels, attached to downspouts to collect rainwater, are making a comeback with water-mindful gardeners.

One of the unexpected results from not using fertilizer and weed killer is the presence in our yard of the biggest toad I have ever seen. Most nights or early mornings I see him hopping across our grass. I know he’s doing his job eating bugs and slugs and keeping our yard pest-free. And I know I’m doing my job by protecting our environment.

SIDEBAR

Narrow areas of yard, such as that between sidewalks and the street, can dry easily and require frequent watering. Replace grass in these sections with a ground cover that requires less watering. Or tile over these areas with outdoor pavers. Check with your homeowners association first.

Encourage your homeowners association to allow more water-saving solutions such as less St. Augustine grass and using more xeriscape (drought resistant) plants.

ASk ANy SCHOOL CHILD “WHAT DO BEES DO?” and he or she will most likely answer “Bees make honey.” That is certainly true, but only for honey bees. Even more important than making honey is that bees pollinate plants. Only honey bees make honey. Now firmly established across the continent, the popular honey bee is not a native bee, but was brought to America by European settlers 400 years ago. Its full name is the European Honey Bee.

While there is no nationwide program administering prison agriculture programs, various individual prisons across the country are embracing the notion of getting inmates involved in on-site food production and